Numbers and Math
This page provides syntax for using numbers and mathematic operations in Python. Each section includes an example to demonstrate the described syntax and operations.
Types of Numbers
Integer (positive and negative counting number) - e.g., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, and 3:
int
- holds signed integers of non-limited lengthlong
- holds long integers (exists in Python 2.X, depreciated in Python 3.X)
Float (real or floating point numbers) - e.g., -2.14, 0.0, and 3.777
float
Boolean: (0 = False and 1 = True)
bool
Use type()
function to determine type
Input:
# Define two variables x and y
x = 100
y = 3.14
# Print out the variable types for each
print(type(x))
print(type(y))
Output:
<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>
Arithmetic Operators
Addition
x + y
Subtraction
x - y
Multiplication
x * y
Division
x / y
Floor Division
x//y
Power (Exponent)
x ** y
Remainder (Modulo)
x % y
Input:
# Demonstrates different math operations
using f-strings
n1 = 7 # First number
n2 = 3 # Second number
# Output results of different math operations
print(f"{n1} + {n2} = {(n1 + n2)}") # Addition
print(f"{n1} - {n2} = {(n1 - n2)}") # Subtraction
print(f"{n1} * {n2} = {(n1 * n2)}") # Multiplication
print(f"{n1} / {n2} = {(n1 / n2)}") # Division
print(f"{n1} // {n2} = {(n1 // n2)}") # Floor Division
print(f"{n1} ** {n2} = {(n1 ** n2)}") # Power/Exponent
print(f"{n1} % {n2} = {(n1 % n2)}") # Modulo/Remainder
Output:
7 + 3 = 10
7 - 3 = 4
7 * 3 = 21
7 / 3 = 2.3333333333333335
7 // 3 = 2
7 ^ 3 = 343
7 % 3 = 1
Comparison Operators and Functions
Input:
Equality
x == y or isequal(x, y)
Inequality
x != y or !isequal (x, y)
Less than
x < y
Less than or equal to
x <= y
Greater than
x > y
Greater than or equal to
x >= y
# compare.py
# Demonstrate comparison operators
# Assign values to variables using parallel assignment
c1, c2, c3, c4 = 25, 50, 75, 50
print(f" c1 = {c1}, c2 = {c2}, c3 = {c3}), c4 = {c4}")
# Output results of different comparison operations
# Testing equality
print(f"c1 = c3 is {(c1 == c3)}")
# Changing values using abbreviated assignment operators
c1 *= 3 # Shorthand for c1 = c1 * 3
c4 += 1 # Shorthand for c4 = c4 + 1
print(f"c1 = {c1}, c2 = {c2}, c3 = {c3}, c4 = {c4}")
# Testing less than and greater than
print(f" c1 < c2 is {(c1 < c2)}")
print(f" c4 <= c2 is {(c4 <= c2)}")
print(f" c1 > c2 is {(c1 > c2)}")
print(f" c3 >= c2 is {(c3 >= c2)}")
Output:
c1 = 25, c2 = 50, c3 = 75), c4 = 50
c1 = c3 is False
c1 = 75, c2 = 50, c3 = 75, c4 = 51
c1 < c2 is False
c4 <= c2 is False
c1 > c2 is True
c3 >= c2 is True
Exercises
Create a Health Calculator Using Python - Forthcoming!
Resources
W3 Schools: Python Data Types
W3 Schools: Python Arithmetic Operators
W3 Schools: Python Numbers
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