# Numbers and Math

This page provides syntax for using numbers and mathematic operations in Python. Each section includes an example to demonstrate the described syntax and operations.

## Types of Numbers <a href="#types_of_numbers" id="types_of_numbers"></a>

* Integer (positive and negative counting number) - e.g., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, and 3:
  * `int` - holds signed integers of non-limited length
  * `long` - holds long integers (exists in Python 2.X, depreciated in Python 3.X)
* Float (real or floating point numbers) - e.g., -2.14, 0.0, and 3.777
  * `float`
* Boolean: (0 = False and 1 = True)
  * `bool`

Use `type()` function to determine type

Input:

```python
# Define two variables x and y
x = 100
y = 3.14

# Print out the variable types for each
print(type(x))
print(type(y))
```

Output:

<pre class="language-python"><code class="lang-python"><strong>&#x3C;class 'int'>
</strong>&#x3C;class 'float'>
</code></pre>

## Arithmetic Operators <a href="#arithmetic_operators" id="arithmetic_operators"></a>

| Operator           | Example  |
| ------------------ | -------- |
| Addition           | x + y    |
| Subtraction        | x - y    |
| Multiplication     | x \* y   |
| Division           | x / y    |
| Floor Division     | x//y     |
| Power (Exponent)   | x \*\* y |
| Remainder (Modulo) | x % y    |

Input:

```python
# Demonstrates different math operations
using f-strings

n1 = 7    # First number
n2 = 3    # Second number
 
# Output results of different math operations
print(f"{n1} + {n2} = {(n1 + n2)}")           # Addition
print(f"{n1} - {n2} = {(n1 - n2)}")           # Subtraction 
print(f"{n1} * {n2} = {(n1 * n2)}")           # Multiplication 
print(f"{n1} / {n2} = {(n1 / n2)}")           # Division 
print(f"{n1} // {n2} = {(n1 // n2)}")         # Floor Division
print(f"{n1} ** {n2} = {(n1 ** n2)}")         # Power/Exponent
print(f"{n1} % {n2} = {(n1 % n2)}")           # Modulo/Remainder
```

Output:

```python
7 + 3 = 10
7 - 3 = 4
7 * 3 = 21
7 / 3 = 2.3333333333333335
7 // 3 = 2
7 ^ 3 = 343
7 % 3 = 1
```

## Comparison Operators and Functions <a href="#comparison_operators_and_functions" id="comparison_operators_and_functions"></a>

Input:

| Operator                 | Example                   |
| ------------------------ | ------------------------- |
| Equality                 | x == y or isequal(x, y)   |
| Inequality               | x != y or !isequal (x, y) |
| Less than                | x < y                     |
| Less than or equal to    | x <= y                    |
| Greater than             | x > y                     |
| Greater than or equal to | x >= y                    |

```python
# compare.py
# Demonstrate comparison operators                                                                               

# Assign values to variables using parallel assignment                                                           
c1, c2, c3, c4 = 25, 50, 75, 50
print(f"  c1 = {c1}, c2 = {c2}, c3 = {c3}), c4 = {c4}")

# Output results of different comparison operations                                                             
 
# Testing equality                                                                                               
print(f"c1 = c3 is {(c1 == c3)}")

# Changing values using abbreviated assignment operators                                                        
c1 *= 3    	# Shorthand for c1 = c1 * 3                                                                       
c4 += 1    	# Shorthand for c4 = c4 + 1                                                                       

print(f"c1 = {c1}, c2 = {c2}, c3 = {c3}, c4 = {c4}")
 
# Testing less than and greater than
print(f"  c1 < c2 is {(c1 < c2)}")
print(f"  c4 <= c2 is {(c4 <= c2)}")
print(f"  c1 > c2 is {(c1 > c2)}")
print(f"  c3 >= c2 is {(c3 >= c2)}")
```

Output:

```python
 c1 = 25, c2 = 50, c3 = 75), c4 = 50
c1 = c3 is False
c1 = 75, c2 = 50, c3 = 75, c4 = 51
  c1 < c2 is False
  c4 <= c2 is False
  c1 > c2 is True
  c3 >= c2 is True
```

## Exercises

* Create a Health Calculator Using Python - *<mark style="color:yellow;">Forthcoming!</mark>*

## Resources

* W3 Schools: [Python Data Types](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_datatypes.asp)
* W3 Schools: [Python Arithmetic Operators](https://www.w3schools.com/python/gloss_python_arithmetic_operators.asp)
* W3 Schools: [Python Numbers](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_numbers.asp)


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